A recent study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports revealed that between 15 and 20 per cent of Olympic athletes have asthma, with up to 80 per cent of endurance sport athletes affected by exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, with symptoms including shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness.
The prevalence of asthma among elite athletes is attributed to the strenuous physical activities they engage in, which can trigger symptoms in nine out of 10 people with asthma according to Asthma + Lung UK. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be particularly problematic for endurance athletes who train in cold and dry conditions, such as cross-country skiers, cyclists, and runners.
Swimmers, in particular, are at a higher risk of asthma due to chlorine byproducts in pools irritating their lungs. Athletes with asthma are allowed to use inhalers during the Olympics, but must be cautious about the type and dosage as certain medications are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Despite the challenges posed by asthma, many athletes have excelled in their respective sports. British long-distance runner Paula Radcliffe and American track racer Jackie Joyner-Kersee are examples of athletes who have achieved remarkable success despite their asthma diagnosis. With proper prevention strategies and treatment, athletes with asthma can continue to compete at the highest levels.
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